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設計師? 金磊

項目地點? 中國北京

建成時間? 2025年6月

建筑面積? 130平方米

本文文字由金磊提供。

一、背景與困境

Background and constraints

空間之困

Spatial constraints

房子位于北京南城傳統街區，不同于拆舊翻新的冰冷區域，這里的胡同文化與市井煙火仍舊生動熱烈。房子占地不大，近100平方米，但沿街開間不足4米，空間深邃狹長，又被自建房填充覆蓋，難免感覺陰暗晦澀，不得喘息。

The project is located in the traditional neighborhood of Beijing's South City, where a large number of aboriginal people still live and retain a lively city life；The project site is less than 100 square meters with a narrow face width of only 4 meters，the original courtyard is also occupied by rooms，so the site is very narrow and dark.

法規之困

Limitations imposed by city regulations

房子首先要拆除違建，要符合所在區域嚴格的整體風貌控制，并且在具體高度與平面范圍上精準還原原始房產定位留底的測繪資料，由于本次更新屬于修繕范疇，也不能對原有建筑進行較大的結構拆改，只能局部加固和有限調整。

Removal of remaining unauthorized structures is required before the project can begin to be rehabilitated, At the same time, the scope and height of the original legal building had to be strictly adhered to, and the original structure had to be preserved, which made the design of the renovation more difficult.

鄰里之困

Relationship with neighbors

房子所在區域小巷縱橫，歷史上門戶之間的多次買賣與修繕也早已讓房子之間親密無間、難分彼此。鄰里間共用墻體、互相勾連極為普遍，見縫插針的空間利用原則和對采光排煙的客觀依賴形成一種脆弱而微妙的平衡，任何修繕動作都需要尊重這一平衡。

The area where the project is located is part of a historic and traditional neighborhood with a dense residential population, where sharing of walls and yards between homes is common, and the renovation design needs to pay special attention to maintaining a fragile balance with the relationship with neighbors.

需求之困

Increased demand for space

客觀的各種限制不可逾越，委托方的需求也必須滿足：一處供兩代人共同生活的理想居所，需要在不足一百平方米的占地里布局三間帶獨立衛生間的臥室、一間書房、共用的盡量大的餐客廳和能供兩代人分開使用的戶外庭院。

Despite these constraints, the client's needs for a remodeled space had to be met: four bedrooms, four bathrooms, two undisturbed courtyards could be shared by two generations.

二、掙扎與破解

Design strategy

在占地空間、輪廓高度、房屋結構、周邊關系完全限定的條件下，設計的突破口逐漸清晰：對建筑原本較高的室內地面下沉0.85米，以獲得凈高2米的夾層睡臥空間。同時拆除原來突破限高的違建和在原始庭院位置的自建雜物間，雖然庭院尺度不大，但還原后亦可作為兩側房屋的通風采光的重要氣口，也可容一家人圍坐觀天。

拆除違建和自建后，原有房屋清晰展露：位于庭院北側的房屋應為上世紀90年代所建，為鋼結構，屋頂有兩個標高，靠近南側的部分略高一些；位于庭院南側的房屋更為古老，傳統磚木結構，灰磚山墻處的簡易墀頭和收檔連檐口木板上的斑駁彩繪是僅有的裝飾，其他部分早已拆改得面目全非。

針對庭院北側的鋼結構房屋，屋頂較低區域在地面下沉后可得4.15米凈高，將此區域于2.25米處加樓板一層，上面可得屈身而入的榻榻米書房一間，同時將原屋面局部打開，此區域2.25米處樓板成為新的露天庭院，并補植青松造景。原屋頂較高區域在地面下沉后可得4.45米凈高，同樣在2.25米處增加樓板，在首層形成聯通的餐客廳空間，夾層勉強求得凈高2米的南向臥室。首層南立面則借助本次修繕機會向房屋內部收縮，擴大庭院的同時也為進入庭院的入口形成雨棚。庭院南側的傳統木構建筑則在恰當位置插入樓板增加使用空間，樓板一角斜向延伸至庭院，既作為檐下之檐親切容身，又可兼做夾層上人的臨時平臺。

通過以上操作，最終實現了上下兩處庭院，三間帶衛生間臥室，一處低矮書房和連續的餐客共享空間，精準回應了委托方的需求。

Under various constraints, the strategy of this renovation design was to excavate 0.85 meters below the original building level to achieve a low but barely usable mezzanine space to satisfy the client's request for additional bedrooms; at the same time, part of the roof was demolished to create a new rooftop patio; and the original courtyard on the first floor, which had been occupied by the utility room, was restored with the demolition of the utility room.In the process of renovation, the structural form of the original building has been purposefully renovated, the original steel structure building is still renovated with steel structure, the original wooden structure building is still renovated with wooden structure, to ensure that the original structural form will not be changed.

三、材料與工藝

Materials and Construction

此次修繕建筑立面時選擇了大尺度的中空落地玻璃，并盡可能減少分割，嚴控開啟窗扇尺度，有效減少了低矮空間的局促與壓迫。局部采用金屬檐口配合新增卷材防水增加房屋的耐久性，其他墻面部分則以傳統灰磚和水泥修復。按照街道管理規定，朝向胡同的4米開間，修復傳統隨墻門頭，并將原塑鋼落地門窗替換為木框落地玻璃，簡潔樸素。

Due to the narrow space of the renovated building, large glass windows were used on the fa?ade to increase the transparency of the building; in addition, to maintain harmony with the traditional urban neighborhood, traditional gray bricks were used on the fa?ade of the building and the traditional entrance was restored.

四、總結與反思

Summaries and lessons learned

整個修繕過程從設計到完成將近一年光景，在設計師所設計的項目中實屬較快成型的案例，但由于法規所限，導致完成后的空間在日常使用中顯得低矮且分散，實有不便。但由此也強化了各個空間的功能屬性，并提供了更豐富且更具私密屬性的使用場景，兩代一家往返穿梭，上上下下，屋里屋外，寒暑冬夏，料想也應是一幅生動美好的生活圖畫吧。

The entire remodeling design and construction process took one year, and due to city code restrictions, the remodeled building is somewhat cramped and low-rise, but it meets the client's needs despite all the constraints and difficulties; we can look forward to the future of the owner's family living here for two generations, and it should still be comfortable!

設計圖紙? ▽

完整項目信息

項目名稱：北京胡同長屋

項目類型：住宅建筑改造

項目地點：中國北京

建成狀態：建成

建筑面積：130平方米

設計時間：2024年2月—2024年5月

建設時間：2024年5月—2025年6月

設計師：金磊（建筑、景觀、室內、照明）

聯系方式：jinleiarchitecture@126.com

結構：王初開

攝影：金磊

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